Within two months after the war, some 800,000 women had been fired from jobs in the aircraft industry; the same thing was happening in the auto industry and elsewhere. In the two years after the war, some two million women had lost their jobs.
In the post-war years, the sheer affluence (wealth) of the country meant that many families could now live in a middle-class existence on only one income. In addition, the migration to the suburbs physically separated women from the workplace. The new culture of consumerism told women they should be homemakers and saw them merely as potential buyers for all the new washers and dryers, freezers, floor waxers, pressure cookers, and blenders.

-- David Halberstam, The Fifties

(a) According to David Halberstam, when World War II ended, what happened to many of the women who had been employed during the war?
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Key: Score of 1:
- Identifies one result of women's employment during World War II
Examples: women were fired from their jobs; did not have to work; were forced to become homemakers; separated from the workplace; were isolated
Score of 0:
- Incorrect response
Examples: migration to the suburbs stopped; divorce
- Vague response that does not answer the question
Example: the country became wealthier
- No response

(b) What does this passage indicate about the role women were expected to play in the 1950s?
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Key: Score of 1:
- Identifies one role women were expected to play in the 1950s
Examples: women stayed at home; they had to be homemakers; they became stay-at-home housewives; potential buyers
Score of 0:
- Incorrect response
Example: women had jobs outside the home
- Vague response that does not answer the question
Examples: middle-class; separation from the workplace
- No response

Based on the chart shown below, what conclusion can be drawn from comparing the earnings of women with the earnings of men in 1981?

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Base your answers to the questions on the statements below and on your knowledge of social studies.

Speaker A	A leader is not ultimately responsible to the people but to God, from whom the leader derives the right to govern.
Speaker B	Each citizen is entitled to a voice in government. Therefore, government should be run by those representatives elected directly by the citizens so that the will of the citizens is expressed.
Speaker C	History has taught us that the concentration of political power leads to the abuse of that power. Therefore, power should be divided among national, state, and local governments.
Speaker D	Life is a struggle. Those who seize and maintain political power represent the strongest and most competent of that society and earn the right to govern.

The principle of federalism contained in the Constitution of the United States is most consistent with the ideas of Speaker 1 ---Select--- A B C D

C

.

Which statement best summarizes President Theodore Roosevelt's views about conservation?

The aging of the baby boom generation will most likely result in 1 ---Select--- a balanced federal budget a decrease in health care costs an increase in Social Security spending a decrease in infant mortality in the United States

an increase in Social Security spending

.