WebAssign Companion to Atkins et al. - Chemical Principles 6/e 1st edition

Access is contingent on use of this textbook in the instructor's classroom.

• Chapter T: WebAssign Answer Templates and Tutorials
  • T: WebAssign Answer Templates and Tutorials
  
  
• Chapter 0: The Basics of Chemistry
  • 0.0: Introduction to Chemistry
  • 0.1: Matter, Force, and Energy
  • 0.2: Atoms, Isotopes, and the Periodic Table
  • 0.3: Molecular and Ionic Compounds
  • 0.4: Chemical Nomenclature
  • 0.5: Converting Between Mass and Moles
  • 0.6: Determination of Empirical and Molecular Formulas
  • 0.7: Solutions
  • 0.8: Writing and Balancing Chemical Equations
  • 0.9: Chemical Reactions in Aqueous Solution
  • 0.10: Acids, Bases, and Neutralization
  • 0.11: Oxidation-Reduction Reactions
  • 0.12: Stoichiometry
  • 0.13: Limiting and Excess Reagents
  • 0: Concept Mastery
  • 0: Exercises
  • 0: Stand Alone Tutorials
  
  
• Chapter 1: Atoms
  • 1.1: Development of the Nuclear Atom Model
  • 1.2: Light
  • 1.3: Line Spectra
  • 1.4: Radiation and Photons
  • 1.5: The Wave and Particle Nature of Matter
  • 1.6: The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
  • 1.7: Wave Functions and Quantized Energy
  • 1: Concept Master
  • 1: Exercises
  • 1: Stand Alone Tutorials
  • 0.10: Acids, Bases, and Neutralization
  • 0.11: Oxidation-Reduction Reactions
  • 0.12: Stoichiometry
  • 0.13: Limiting and Excess Reagents
  • 0: Concept Mastery
  • 0: Exercises
  
  
• Chapter 2: Quantum Mechanics
  • 2.1: The Principal Quantum Number
  • 2.2: Quantum Mechanics and Atomic Orbitals
  • 2.3: The Spin Magnetic Quantum Number
  • 2.4: Hydrogen Atom Electron
  • 2.5: Effect of Penetration and Shielding on Orbital Energies
  • 2.6: The Pauli Exclusion Principle and Hund's Rule
  • 2.7: The Periodic Table
  • 2.8: Periodic Trends of Atomic Radii
  • 2.9: Periodic Trends of Ionic Radii
  • 2.10: Periodic Trends of Ionization Energies
  • 2.11: Periodic Trends of Electron Affinities
  • 2.12: The Inert-Pair Effect
  • 2.13: Diagonal Trends
  • 2.14: Characteristics of Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
  • 2: Concept Mastery
  • 2: Exercises
  • 2: Stand Alone Tutorials
  
  
• Chapter 3: Covalent and Ionic Bonding
  • 3.1: Common Ions
  • 3.2: Lewis Dot Symbols
  • 3.3: Energy of Forming Ionic Bonds
  • 3.4: The Energetics of Ionic Solids
  • 3.5: Lewis Structures and the Octet Rule
  • 3.6: Drawing Polyatomic Lewis Structures
  • 3.7: Resonance Structures
  • 3.8: Formal Charge
  • 3.9: Radicals and Biradicals
  • 3.10: Expanded Octets
  • 3.11: Boron and Aluminum Compounds with Unusual Structures
  • 3.12: Electronegativity
  • 3.13: Polarizability
  • 3.14: Bond Dissociation Energies
  • 3.15: Trends in Bond Strength
  • 3.16: Bond Lengths
  • 3: Concept Mastery
  • 3: Exercises
  • 3: Stand Alone Tutorials
  
  
• Chapter 4: Molecular Geometry, Hybridization, and Bonding
  • 4.1: VSEPR Theory
  • 4.2: Predicting the Geometry of Molecules with Lone Pairs on the Central Atom
  • 4.3: Polar Diatomic and Polyatomic Molecules
  • 4.4: Orbital Overlap
  • 4.5: Promotion of Electrons and Hybrid Orbitals
  • 4.6: Other Hybridization Schemes
  • 4.7: Properties of Multiple Bonds
  • 4.8: Shortcomings of Lewis's Theory
  • 4.9: Molecular Orbital Theory
  • 4.10: Electron Configurations and Bond Order of Diatomic Molecules
  • 4.11: Molecular Orbital Diagrams of Heteronuclear Diatomic Molecules
  • 4.12: Molecular Orbital Theory of Polyatomic Molecules
  • 4: Concept Mastery
  • 4: Exercises
  • 4: Stand Alone Tutorials
  • 3.16: Bond Lengths
  • 3: Concept Mastery
  • 3: Exercises
  
  
• Chapter 5: Gases
  • 5.1: Simple Observations of Gases
  • 5.2: Gas Pressure
  • 5.3: Units of Pressure
  • 5.4: Development of the Ideal Gas Law
  • 5.5: Using the Ideal Gas Law
  • 5.6: Molar Concentration and Density of a Gas
  • 5.7: Gas Stoichiometry
  • 5.8: Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures
  • 5.9: Diffusion and Effusion
  • 5.10: The Kinetic Molecular Theory
  • 5.11: The Maxwell Distribution
  • 5.12: Real Gases
  • 5.13: The Joule-Thomson Effect
  • 5.14: Equations for Real Gases
  • 5: Concept Mastery
  • 5: Exercises
  • 5: Stand Alone Tutorials
  
  
• Chapter 6: Liquids and Solids
  • 6.1: Intermolecular Interactions
  • 6.2: Ion-Dipole Interactions
  • 6.3: Dipole-Dipole Interactions
  • 6.4: London Dispersion Forces
  • 6.5: Hydrogen Bonding
  • 6.6: Intermolecular Repulsions
  • 6.7: Ordering of Liquids
  • 6.8: Viscosity, Surface Tension, and Capillary Action
  • 6.9: Types of Solids
  • 6.10: Characteristics of Molecular Solids
  • 6.11: Characteristics of Network Solids
  • 6.12: Characteristics of Metallic Solids
  • 6.13: Unit Cells
  • 6.14: Ionic Structures and the Radius Ratio
  • 6.15: Classification of Liquid Crystals
  • 6.16: Characteristics of Ionic Liquids
  • 6: Concept Mastery
  • 6: Exercises
  • 6: Stand Alone Tutorials
  
  
• Chapter 7: Materials Science
  • 7.1: Characteristics of Metals
  • 7.2: Properties of Alloys
  • 7.3: Steel
  • 7.4: Nonferrous Alloys
  • 7.5: Properties of Diamond and Graphite
  • 7.6: Forms of Calcium Carbonate
  • 7.7: Silicates
  • 7.8: Cement
  • 7.9: Borides, Carbides, and Nitrides
  • 7.10: Types of Glass
  • 7.11: Ceramics
  • 7.12: Bonding in Solids
  • 7.13: Types of Semiconductors
  • 7.14: Properties of Superconductors
  • 7.15: Luminescence
  • 7.16: Magnetism
  • 7.17: Composite Materials
  • 7.18: Nanomaterials
  • 7.19: Nanotubes
  • 7.20: Synthesis of Nanomaterials
  • 7: Concept Mastery
  • 7: Exercises
  • 7: Stand Alone Tutorials
  
  
• Chapter 8: The First Law of Thermodynamics
  • 8.1: Systems and Surroundings
  • 8.2: Work and Internal Energy
  • 8.3: Expansion and Nonexpansion Work
  • 8.4: Heat
  • 8.5: Heat Capacity and Calorimetry
  • 8.6: The First Law of Thermodynamics
  • 8.7: The Origins of Internal Energy
  • 8.8: Changes in Enthalpy
  • 8.9: Heat Capacities at Constant Volume and Constant Pressure
  • 8.10: The Origins of Heat Capacities of Gases
  • 8.11: Enthalpy of Phase Transitions
  • 8.12: Heating Curves
  • 8.13: Thermochemical Equations
  • 8.14: Enthalpy Change and Internal Energy Change
  • 8.15: Standard Reaction Enthalpies
  • 8.16: Hess's Law
  • 8.17: Standard Enthalpies of Formation
  • 8.18: Lattice Enthalpy
  • 8.19: Mean Bond Enthalpy
  • 8.20: Effect of Temperature on Reaction Enthalpy
  • 8.21: Heat Absorbed or Released by a Reaction
  • 8: Concept Mastery
  • 8: Exercises
  • 8: Stand Alone Tutorials
  
  
• Chapter 9: The Second and Third Laws of Thermodynamics
  • 9.1: Spontaneous Processes
  • 9.2: Entropy
  • 9.3: Effects of Temperature and Volume on Entropy
  • 9.4: Entropy of Phase Transitions
  • 9.5: Entropy on the Molecular Level
  • 9.6: The Relation Between Statistical Entropy and the Thermodynamic Entropy
  • 9.7: Standard Molar Entropies
  • 9.8: Standard Reaction Entropies
  • 9.9: Entropy Changes of Surroundings
  • 9.10: Total Changes in Entropy
  • 9.11: Types of Equilibrium
  • 9.12: Predicting Spontaneity
  • 9.13: Gibbs Free Energy of Formation and Reaction
  • 9.14: Relation Between Gibbs Free Energy and Nonexpansion Work
  • 9.15: Effect of Temperature on Gibbs Free Energy
  • 9.16: Coupling of Spontaneous and Nonspontaneous Reactions in Biological Systems
  • 9: Concept Mastery
  • 9: Exercises
  • 9: Stand Alone Tutorials
  • 8.20: Effect of Temperature on Reaction Enthalpy
  • 8.21: Heat Absorbed or Released by a Reaction
  • 8: Concept Mastery
  • 8: Exercises
  
  
• Chapter 10: Solution Chemistry
  • 10.1: Vapor Pressure
  • 10.2: Effect of Intermolecular Forces on Volatility
  • 10.3: Effect of Temperature on Vapor Pressure of a Liquid
  • 10.4: Boiling and Normal Boiling Points
  • 10.5: Normal Freezing and Melting Points
  • 10.6: Phase Diagrams
  • 10.7: The Critical Point
  • 10.8: Molar Solubility and Saturated Solutions
  • 10.9: General Rule for Selecting Solvents
  • 10.10: Henry's Law
  • 10.11: Effect of Temperature on the Rate of Dissolving
  • 10.12: The Enthalpy of Solution
  • 10.13: The Gibbs Free Energy of Dissolving
  • 10.14: Concentration Units
  • 10.15: Effect of a Nonvolatile Solute on the Vapor Pressure of a Solvent
  • 10.16: Boiling-Point Elevation and Freezing-Point Depression
  • 10.17: Osmometry
  • 10.18: The Vapor Pressure of a Binary Liquid Mixture
  • 10.19: Fractional Distillation
  • 10.20: Azeotropes
  • 10.21: Classification of Colloids
  • 10.22: Bio-based and Biomimetic Materials
  • 10: Concept Mastery
  • 10: Exercises
  • 10: Stand Alone Tutorials
  
  
• Chapter 11: Equilibrium
  • 11.1: Reversible Reactions
  • 11.2: The Equilibrium Constant
  • 11.3: The Reaction Quotient
  • 11.4: Determining the Completion of a Reaction
  • 11.5: Using the Reaction Quotient and Constant to Determine the Direction of the Reaction
  • 11.6: Gas Phase Equilibria Expressed in Terms of Molar Concentrations
  • 11.7: Alternative Equilibrium Constants for the Same Reaction
  • 11.8: Solving Equilibrium Problems
  • 11.9: Effect of Adding or Removing Reagents on Equilibrium
  • 11.10: Effect of Compression of a Reaction Mixture on Equilibrium
  • 11.11: Effect of Temperature on Equilibrium
  • 11.12: Catalysts
  • 11.13: Homeostasis
  • 11: Concept Mastery
  • 11: Exercises
  • 11: Stand Alone Tutorials
  • 10.17: Osmometry
  • 10.18: The Vapor Pressure of a Binary Liquid Mixture
  • 10.19: Fractional Distillation
  • 10.20: Azeotropes
  • 10.21: Classification of Colloids
  • 10.22: Bio-based and Biomimetic Materials
  • 10: Concept Mastery
  • 10: Exercises
  
  
• Chapter 12: Acids and Bases
  • 12.1: BrønstedÐLowry Acids and Bases
  • 12.2: Lewis Acids and Bases
  • 12.3: Acidic, Basic, and Amphoteric Oxides
  • 12.4: Autoionization of Water
  • 12.5: pH
  • 12.6: pOH
  • 12.7: Acid and Base Dissociation Constants
  • 12.8: Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs
  • 12.9: Strength of Binary Acids
  • 12.10: The Strengths of Oxoacids and Carboxylic Acids
  • 12.11: Weak Acids
  • 12.12: Weak Bases
  • 12.13: Acidic and Basic Salt Solutions
  • 12.14: Polyprotic Acids
  • 12.15: Salts of Polyprotic Acids
  • 12.16: The Concentrations of Solute Species in a Polyprotic Acid Solution
  • 12.17: Effect of pH on Fractional Composition
  • 12.18: Strong Acid Solutions Where Water Contributes to the Concentration of H⁺
  • 12.19: Weak Acid Solutions Where Water Contributes to the Concentration of H⁺
  • 12: Concept Mastery
  • 12: Exercises
  • 12: Stand Alone Tutorials
  
  
• Chapter 13: Aqueous Equilibria
  • 13.1: Buffers
  • 13.2: Calculating the pH of a Buffered Solution
  • 13.3: Determining the Capacity of a Buffer
  • 13.4: Strong AcidÐStrong Base Titrations and Curves
  • 13.5: Strong AcidÐWeak Base and Weak AcidÐStrong Base Titrations and Curves
  • 13.6: Acid-Base Indicators
  • 13.7: Polyprotic Acid Titrations
  • 13.8: The Solubility Product Constant
  • 13.9: The Common-Ion Effect
  • 13.10: Predicting Precipitation
  • 13.11: Separating Ions with Precipitation
  • 13.12: Factors that Affect Solubility
  • 13.13: Complex Ion Equilibria
  • 13.14: Qualitative Analysis of Ions Present in Aqueous Solutions
  • 13: Concept Mastery
  • 13: Exercises
  • 13: Stand Alone Tutorials
  • 12.18: Strong Acid Solutions Where Water Contributes to the Concentration of H⁺
  • 12.19: Weak Acid Solutions Where Water Contributes to the Concentration of H⁺
  • 12: Concept Mastery
  • 12: Exercises
  
  
• Chapter 14: Electrochemistry
  • 14.1: Oxidation and Reduction Half-Reactions
  • 14.2: Balancing Redox Reactions in Acidic and Basic Solutions
  • 14.3: Voltaic Cells
  • 14.4: Relation Between Cell Potential and Reaction Gibbs Free Energy
  • 14.5: Cell Diagrams
  • 14.6: Standard Electrode Potentials
  • 14.7: Activity Series
  • 14.8: Relation Between Standard Electrode Potentials and Equilibrium Constants
  • 14.9: Concentration Cells
  • 14.10: Ion-Selective Electrodes
  • 14.11: Electrolytic Cells
  • 14.12: The Results of Electrolysis
  • 14.13: Industrial Uses for Electrolysis
  • 14.14: Corrosion
  • 14.15: Batteries
  • 14: Concept Mastery
  • 14: Exercises
  • 14: Stand Alone Tutorials
  
  
• Chapter 15: Kinetics
  • 15.1: Reaction Rates
  • 15.2: Instantaneous Reaction Rates
  • 15.3: Rate Laws, Rate Constants, and Reaction Orders
  • 15.4: Integrated Rate Laws for First-Order Reactions
  • 15.5: Half-Lives for First-Order Reactions
  • 15.6: Integrated Rate Laws for Second-Order Reactions
  • 15.7: Elementary Reactions and Their Molecularity
  • 15.8: The Rate Laws of Elementary Reactions
  • 15.9: Chain Reactions
  • 15.1: Relation Between Rate Constants of Elementary Reactions and Overall Equilibrium Constant
  • 15.11: Effect of Temperature on Reaction Rate
  • 15.12: Collision Theory of Gas-Phase Reactions
  • 15.13: Transition State Theory
  • 15.14: Catalysts
  • 15.15: Industrial Applications of Catalysts
  • 15.16: Enzymes
  • 15: Concept Mastery
  • 15: Exercises
  • 15: Stand Alone Tutorials
  
  
• Chapter 16: Main Group Elements
  • 16.1: Periodic Trends of Atomic Properties
  • 16.2: Periodic Trends in Bonding
  • 16.3: Hydrogen Chemistry
  • 16.4: Compounds and Properties of Hydrogen
  • 16.5: The Alkali Metals in Group 1
  • 16.6: Compounds and Properties of Lithium, Sodium, and Potassium
  • 16.7: The Alkaline Earth Metals in Group 2
  • 16.8: Compounds and Properties of Beryllium, Magnesium, and Calcium
  • 16.9: The Boron Family in Group 13
  • 16.10: Oxides and Halides of Boron and Aluminum
  • 16.11: Boranes and Borohydrides
  • 16.12: The Carbon Family in Group 14
  • 16.13: Oxides of Carbon and Silicon
  • 16.14: Other Important Carbon and Silicon Compounds
  • 16.15: The Nitrogen Family in Group 15
  • 16.16: Compounds of Group 15 Elements with Hydrogen and the Halogens
  • 16.17: The Oxides and Oxoacids of Nitrogen
  • 16.18: The Oxides and Oxoacids of Phosphorus
  • 16.19: The Oxygen Family in Group 16
  • 16.20: Compounds of Group 16 Elements with Hydrogen and the Halogens
  • 16.21: The Oxides and Oxoacids of Sulfur
  • 16.22: The Halogens in Group 17
  • 16.23: Compounds and Properties of the Halogens
  • 16.24: The Noble Gases in Group 18
  • 16.25: Compounds and Properties of the Noble Gases
  • 16: Concept Mastery
  • 16: Exercises
  • 16: Stand Alone Tutorials
  
  
• Chapter 17: Transition Metals
  • 17.1: Periodic Trends of Physical Properties
  • 17.2: Periodic Trends of Chemical Properties
  • 17.3: Physical Properties of the Elements from Scandium Through Nickel
  • 17.4: The Elements in Groups 11 and 12
  • 17.5: Coordination Chemistry
  • 17.6: Geometry of Coordination Complexes
  • 17.7: Classification of Isomers
  • 17.8: Crystal Field Theory
  • 17.9: The Spectrochemical Series
  • 17.10: Beer's Law
  • 17.11: Predicting Magnetic Properties of Complexes
  • 17.12: Ligand Field Theory
  • 17: Concept Mastery
  • 17: Exercises
  • 17: Stand Alone Tutorials
  • 16.16: Compounds of Group 15 Elements with Hydrogen and the Halogens
  • 16.17: The Oxides and Oxoacids of Nitrogen
  • 16.18: The Oxides and Oxoacids of Phosphorus
  • 16.19: The Oxygen Family in Group 16
  • 16.20: Compounds of Group 16 Elements with Hydrogen and the Halogens
  • 16.21: The Oxides and Oxoacids of Sulfur
  • 16.22: The Halogens in Group 17
  • 16.23: Compounds and Properties of the Halogens
  • 16.24: The Noble Gases in Group 18
  • 16.25: Compounds and Properties of the Noble Gases
  • 16: Concept Mastery
  • 16: Exercises
  
  
• Chapter 18: Nuclear Chemistry
  • 18.1: Radioactivity
  • 18.2: Writing Nuclear Equations
  • 18.3: Nuclear Stability
  • 18.4: Predicting the Mode of Radioactive Decay
  • 18.5: Nucleosynthesis and Transmutation
  • 18.6: Effects of Radiation
  • 18.7: Measuring Radioactive Decay
  • 18.8: Applications of Radioisotopes
  • 18.9: Nuclear Binding Energy
  • 18.10: Nuclear Fission
  • 18.11: Nuclear Fusion
  • 18.12: Nuclear Power
  • 18: Concept Mastery
  • 18: Exercises
  • 18: Stand Alone Tutorials
  
  
• Chapter 19: Hydrocarbons
  • 19.1: Aliphatic Hydrocarbons
  • 19.2: Isomerism
  • 19.3: Alkanes
  • 19.4: Alkane Substitution
  • 19.5: Alkenes
  • 19.6: Alkene Addition Reactions
  • 19.7: Nomenclature of Aromatic Hydrocarbons
  • 19.8: Arene Substitution Reactions
  • 19.9: Petroleum: A Major Source of Aliphatic and Aromatic Hydrocarbons
  • 19.10: Coal: A Major Source of Aromatic Hydrocarbons
  • 19: Concept Mastery
  • 19: Exercises
  • 19: Stand Alone Tutorials
  • 18: Exercises
  
  
• Chapter 20: Polymers and Biological Compounds
  • 20.1: Preparation and Properties of Alkyl Halides
  • 20.2: Nomenclature and Preparation of Alcohols
  • 20.3: Properties of Ethers
  • 20.4: Properties and Preparation of Phenols
  • 20.5: Properties and Nomenclature of Aldehydes and Ketones
  • 20.6: Preparation and Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acids
  • 20.7: Preparation and Properties of Esters
  • 20.8: Nomenclature and Preparation of Amines, Amino Acids, and Amides
  • 20.9: Addition Polymers
  • 20.10: Condensation Polymers
  • 20.11: Copolymers
  • 20.12: Physical Properties of Polymers
  • 20.13: Proteins and Amino Acids
  • 20.14: Carbohydrates
  • 20.15: Nucleic Acids
  • 20: Concept Mastery
  • 20: Exercises
  • 20: Stand Alone Tutorials
  
  
• Chapter FE: Final Exam Questions
  • FE: Final Exam Questions
  • FE: Stand Alone Tutorials
  • 20.3: Properties of Ethers
  • 20.4: Properties and Preparation of Phenols
  • 20.5: Properties and Nomenclature of Aldehydes and Ketones
  • 20.6: Preparation and Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acids
  • 20.7: Preparation and Properties of Esters
  • 20.8: Nomenclature and Preparation of Amines, Amino Acids, and Amides
  • 20.9: Addition Polymers
  • 20.10: Condensation Polymers
  • 20.11: Copolymers
  • 20.12: Physical Properties of Polymers
  • 20.13: Proteins and Amino Acids
  • 20.14: Carbohydrates
  • 20.15: Nucleic Acids
  • 20: Concept Mastery
  • 20: Exercises