Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approach 8th edition

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• Chapter 1: Introduction to Chemistry and Introduction to Active Learning
  • 1.1: Introduction to Chemistry: Lavoisier and the Beginning of Experimental Chemistry
  • 1.2: Introduction to Chemistry: Science and the Scientific Method
  • 1.3: Introduction to Chemistry: The Science of Chemistry Today
  • 1.4: Introduction to Active Learning: Learning How to Learn Chemistry
  • 1.5: Introduction to Active Learning: Your Textbook
  • 1.6: Growth
  • 1: General Questions
  • 1: More Challenging Problems
  
  
• Chapter 2: Matter and Energy
  • 2.1: What Makes Up the Universe?
  • 2.2: Representations of Matter: Models and Symbols
  • 2.3: States of Matter
  • 2.4: Physical and Chemical Properties and Changes
  • 2.5: Pure Substances and Mixtures
  • 2.6: Separation of Mixtures
  • 2.7: Elements and Compounds
  • 2.8: The Electrical Character of Matter
  • 2.9: Characteristics of a Chemical Change
  • 2.10: Conservation Laws and Chemical Change
  • 2: General Questions
  • 2: More Challenging Problems
  
  
• Chapter 3: Measurement and Chemical Calculations
  • 3: Math Review
  • 3.1: How Is Time Measured?
  • 3.2: Scientific Notation
  • 3.3: Conversion Factors
  • 3.4: A Strategy for Solving Quantitative Chemistry Problems
  • 3.5: Introduction to Measurement
  • 3.6: Metric Units
  • 3.7: Significant Figures
  • 3.8: Significant Figures in Calculations
  • 3.9: Metric–USCS Conversions
  • 3.10: Proportionality and Density
  • 3.11: Thoughtful and Reflective Practice
  • 3: General Questions
  • 3: More Challenging Problems
  
  
• Chapter 4: Introduction to Gases
  • 4: Math Review
  • 4.1: Are the Gas Giants … Gas Giants?
  • 4.2: Characteristics of Gases
  • 4.3: A Particulate-Level Explanation of the Characteristics of Gases
  • 4.4: Temperature Units
  • 4.5: Charles's Law: Volume and Temperature
  • 4.6: Gas Pressure
  • 4.7: Gas Pressure Units
  • 4.8: Boyle's Law: Volume and Pressure
  • 4.9: The Combined Gas Law: Volume, Temperature, and Pressure
  • 4: General Questions
  • 4: More Challenging Problems
  
  
• Chapter 5: Atomic Theory: The Nuclear Model of the Atom
  • 5: Math Review
  • 5.1: Have the Elements Always Existed?
  • 5.2: Dalton's Atomic Theory
  • 5.3: The Electron
  • 5.4: The Nuclear Atom and Subatomic Particles
  • 5.5: Isotopes
  • 5.6: Atomic Mass
  • 5.7: The Periodic Table
  • 5.8: Elemental Symbols and the Periodic Table
  • 5: General Questions
  • 5: More Challenging Problems
  
  
• Chapter 6: Chemical Nomenclature
  • 6: Math Review
  • 6.1: Is It Soda or Pop or Coke?
  • 6.2: Review of Selected Concepts Related to Nomenclature
  • 6.3: Formulas of Elements
  • 6.4: Compounds Made of T wo Nonmetals
  • 6.5: Names and Formulas of Monatomic Ions: Groups 1A/1 and 2A/2 Metals and the Nonmetals
  • 6.6: Names and Formulas of Monatomic Ions: Additional Metals
  • 6.7: Formulas of Ionic Compounds
  • 6.8: Names of Ionic Compounds
  • 6.9: The Nomenclature of Oxoacids
  • 6.10: The Nomenclature of Oxoanions
  • 6.11: The Nomenclature of Acid Anions
  • 6.12: The Nomenclature of Hydrates
  • 6.13: Summary of the Nomenclature System
  • 6: General Questions
  • 6: More Challenging Problems
  
  
• Chapter 7: Chemical Formula Relationships
  • 7: Math Review
  • 7.1: How Do You Weigh Something Too Small to Weigh?
  • 7.2: The Number of Atoms in a Formula
  • 7.3: Molecular Mass and Formula Mass
  • 7.4: Stoichiometric Amount
  • 7.5: Molar Mass
  • 7.6: Conversion Among Mass, Amount in Moles, and Number of Units
  • 7.7: Mass Relationships Among Elements in a Compound: Percentage Composition by Mass
  • 7.8: Empirical Formula of a Compound
  • 7.9: Determination of a Molecular Formula
  • 7: General Questions
  • 7: More Challenging Problems
  
  
• Chapter 8: Chemical Reactions
  • 8.1: Do Chemical Reactions Occur Outside of Earth?
  • 8.2: Evidence of Chemical Change
  • 8.3: Evolution of a Chemical Equation
  • 8.4: Balancing Chemical Equations
  • 8.5: Interpreting Chemical Equations
  • 8.6: Combination Reactions
  • 8.7: Decomposition Reactions
  • 8.8: Single-Replacement Reactions
  • 8.9: Double-Replacement Reactions
  • 8.10: Summary of Reactions and Equations
  • 8: General Questions
  • 8: More Challenging Problems
  
  
• Chapter 9: Chemical Change
  • 9.1: How Is a Salt Solution Different from a Sugar Solution?
  • 9.2: Electrolytes and Solution Conductivity
  • 9.3: Solutions of Ionic Compounds
  • 9.4: Strong and Weak Acids
  • 9.5: Net Ionic Equations: What They Are and How to Write Them
  • 9.6: Single-Replacement Oxidation–Reduction (Redox) Reactions
  • 9.7: Oxidation–Reduction Reactions of Some Common Organic Compounds
  • 9.8: Double-Replacement Reactions
  • 9.9: Double-Replacement Molecule-Formation Reactions
  • 9.10: Double-Replacement Reactions That Form Unstable Products
  • 9.11: Summary of Net Ionic Equations
  • 9: General Questions
  • 9: More Challenging Problems
  
  
• Chapter 10: Quantity Relationships in Chemical Reactions
  • 10: Math Review
  • 10.1: "Okay, Houston, We've Had a Problem Here
  • 10.2: Conversion Factors from a Chemical Equation
  • 10.3: Mass–Mass Stoichiometry
  • 10.4: Percentage Yield
  • 10.5: Limiting Reactants: The Concept
  • 10.6: Limiting Reactants: Comparison-of-Amount Method
  • 10.7: Limiting Reactants: Smaller-Mass Method
  • 10.8: Energy Units
  • 10.9: Thermochemical Equations
  • 10.10: Thermochemical Stoichiometry
  • 10: General Questions
  • 10: More Challenging Problems
  
  
• Chapter 11: Atomic Theory: The Quantum Model of the Atom
  • 11.1: What Causes the Northern Lights?
  • 11.2: Electromagnetic Radiation
  • 11.3: The Bohr Model of the Hydrogen Atom
  • 11.4: The Quantum Mechanical Model of the Atom
  • 11.5: Electron Configuration
  • 11.6: Valence Electrons
  • 11.7: Trends in the Periodic Table
  • 11: General Questions
  • 11: More Challenging Problems
  
  
• Chapter 12: Chemical Bonding
  • 12.1: How Did the Chemistry of the Universe Begin?
  • 12.2: Monatomic Ions with Noble Gas Family Electron Configurations
  • 12.3: Ionic Bonds
  • 12.4: Covalent Bonds: An Introduction
  • 12.5: Covalent Bonds: Bond Polarity
  • 12.6: Covalent Bonds: Multiple Bonds
  • 12.7: Covalent Bonds: Atoms That Are Bonded to Two or More Other Atoms
  • 12.8: Covalent Bonds: Exceptions to the Octet Rule
  • 12.9: Metallic Bonds
  • 12: General Questions
  • 12: More Challenging Problems
  
  
• Chapter 13: Molecular Structure and Shape
  • 13.1: How Is Genetic Information Stored in Molecules?
  • 13.2: Drawing Lewis Diagrams
  • 13.3: Electron-Pair Geometry
  • 13.4: Molecular Geometry
  • 13.5: The Geometry of Multiple Bonds
  • 13.6: Polarity of Molecules
  • 13.7: The Structures of Some Organic Compounds (Optional)
  • 13: General Questions
  • 13: More Challenging Problems
  
  
• Chapter 14: The Ideal Gas Law and Its Applications
  • 14: Math Review
  • 14.1: How Are Tiny Gas Molecules Capable of Launching a Rocket?
  • 14.2: Gases Revisited
  • 14.3: Avogadro's Law
  • 14.4: The Ideal Gas Law
  • 14.5: The Ideal Gas Equation: Determination of a Single Variable
  • 14.6: Gas Density
  • 14.7: Molar Volume
  • 14.8: Gas Stoichiometry at Standard Temperature and Pressure
  • 14.9: Gas Stoichiometry: Molar Volume Method
  • 14.10: Gas Stoichiometry: Ideal Gas Equation Method
  • 14.11: Volume–Volume Gas Stoichiometry
  • 14: General Questions
  • 14: More Challenging Problems
  
  
• Chapter 15: Gases, Liquids, and Solids
  • 15: Math Review
  • 15.1: Does Liquid Water Exist Beyond Planet Earth?
  • 15.2: Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures
  • 15.3: Properties of Liquids
  • 15.4: Types of Intermolecular Forces
  • 15.5: Liquid–Vapor Equilibrium
  • 15.6: The Boiling Process
  • 15.7: Water—An "Unusual" Compound
  • 15.8: The Solid State
  • 15.9: Types of Crystalline Solids
  • 15.10: Energy and Change of State
  • 15.11: Energy and Change of Temperature: Specific Heat
  • 15.12: Change of Temperature Plus Change of State
  • 15: General Questions
  • 15: More Challenging Problems
  
  
• Chapter 16: Solutions
  • 16: Math Review
  • 16.1: Are There Earth-Like Oceans on Other Planets?
  • 16.2: The Characteristics of a Solution
  • 16.3: Solution Terminology
  • 16.4: The Formation of a Solution
  • 16.5: Factors That Determine Solubility
  • 16.6: Solution Concentration: Percentage Concentration by Mass
  • 16.7: Solution Concentration: Molarity
  • 16.8: Solution Concentration: Molality (Optional)
  • 16.9: Solution Concentration: A Summary
  • 16.10: Dilution of Concentrated Solutions
  • 16.11: Solution Stoichiometry
  • 16.12: Titration
  • 16.13: Colligative Properties of Solutions (Optional)
  • 16: General Questions
  • 16: More Challenging Problems
  
  
• Chapter 17: Acids and Bases
  • 17: Math Review
  • 17.1: Is the Existence of Acid Molecules Exclusive to Earth?
  • 17.2: The Arrhenius Theory of Acids and Bases (Optional)
  • 17.3: The Brønsted–Lowry Theory of Acids and Bases
  • 17.4: The Lewis Theory of Acids and Bases (Optional)
  • 17.5: Conjugate Acid–Base Pairs
  • 17.6: Relative Strengths of Acids and Bases
  • 17.7: Predicting Acid–Base Reactions
  • 17.8: Acid–Base Reactions and Redox Reactions Compared
  • 17.9: The Water Equilibrium
  • 17.10: pH and pOH (Integer Values Only)
  • 17.11: Non-Integer pH–[H+] and pOH–[OH^-] Conversions (Optional)
  • 17: General Questions
  • 17: More Challenging Problems
  
  
• Chapter 18: Chemical Equilibrium
  • 18: Math Review
  • 18.1: What Patterns Characterize Reversible Chemical Equilibrium Reactions?
  • 18.2: The Character of an Equilibrium
  • 18.3: The Collision Theory of Chemical Reactions
  • 18.4: Energy Changes During a Molecular Collision
  • 18.5: Conditions That Affect the Rate of a Chemical Reaction
  • 18.6: The Development of a Chemical Equilibrium
  • 18.7: Le Châtelier's Principle
  • 18.8: The Equilibrium Constant
  • 18.9: The Significance of the Value of K
  • 18.10: Equilibrium Calculations: An Introduction (Optional)
  • 18.11: Equilibrium Calculations: Solubility Equilibria (Optional)
  • 18.12: Equilibrium Calculations: Ionization Equilibria (Optional)
  • 18.13: Equilibrium Calculations: Gaseous Equilibria (Optional)
  • 18: General Questions
  • 18: More Challenging Problems
  
  
• Chapter 19: Oxidation and Reduction
  • 19.1: How Do You Power a Vehicle on the Surface of the Moon?
  • 19.2: Electron-Transfer Reactions
  • 19.3: Voltaic and Electrolytic Cells
  • 19.4: Oxidation Numbers and Redox Reactions
  • 19.5: Oxidizing Agents and Reducing Agents
  • 19.6: Strengths of Oxidizing Agents and Reducing Agents
  • 19.7: Predicting Redox Reactions
  • 19.8: Redox Reactions and Acid–Base Reactions Compared
  • 19.9: Writing Redox Equations (Optional)
  • 19: General Questions
  • 19: More Challenging Problems
  
  
• Chapter 20: Nuclear Chemistry
  • 20: Math Review
  • 20.1: How Did Marie Curie Find Happiness in Difficult Working Conditions?
  • 20.2: The Dawn of Nuclear Chemistry
  • 20.3: Radioactivity
  • 20.4: The Detection and Measurement of Radioactivity
  • 20.5: The Effects of Radiation on Living Systems
  • 20.6: Half-Life
  • 20.7: Natural Radioactive Decay Series—Nuclear Equations
  • 20.8: Nuclear Reactions and Ordinary Chemical Reactions Compared
  • 20.9: Nuclear Bombardment and Induced Radioactivity
  • 20.10: Uses of Radioisotopes
  • 20.11: Nuclear Fission
  • 20.12: Electrical Energy from Nuclear Fission
  • 20.13: Nuclear Fusion
  • 20: General Questions
  • 20: More Challenging Problems
  
  
• Chapter 21: Organic Chemistry
  • 21.1: Are There Organic Molecules in Space?
  • 21.2: The Nature of Organic Chemistry
  • 21.3: The Molecular Structure of Compounds
  • 21.4: Saturated Hydrocarbons: The Alkanes and Cycloalkanes
  • 21.5: Unsaturated Hydrocarbons: The Alkenes and Alkynes
  • 21.6: Aromatic Hydrocarbons
  • 21.7: Summary of the Categories of Hydrocarbons
  • 21.8: Sources and Preparation of Hydrocarbons
  • 21.9: Chemical Reactions of Hydrocarbons
  • 21.10: Uses of Hydrocarbons
  • 21.11: Alcohols and Ethers
  • 21.12: Aldehydes and Ketones
  • 21.13: Carboxylic Acids and Esters
  • 21.14: Amines and Amides
  • 21.15: Summary of the Organic Compounds Containing Oxygen and Nitrogen
  • 21.16: Chain Polymerization
  • 21.17: Polycondensation Polymers
  • 21: General Questions
  • 21: More Challenging Problems
  
  
• Chapter 22: Biochemistry
  • 22.1: Is There Life on Other Planets?
  • 22.2: Amino Acids and Proteins
  • 22.3: Enzymes
  • 22.4: Carbohydrates
  • 22.5: Lipids
  • 22.6: Nucleic Acids
  • 22: General Questions
  • 22: More Challenging Problems