Organic Chemistry 10th edition

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• Chapter I: Introduction
  • I: Getting Set Up
  • I: Question Types
  • I: Submitting Answers
  • I: Chemical Drawings
  • 1.5: Describing Chemical Bonds: Valence Bond Theory
  • 1.6: sp³ Hybrid Orbitals and the Structure of Methane
  • 1.7: sp³ Hybrid Orbitals and the Structure of Ethane
  • 1.8: sp² Hybrid Orbitals and the Structure of Ethylene
  • 1.9: sp Hybrid Orbitals and the Structure of Acetylene
  • 1.10: Hybridization of Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur
  • 1.11: Describing Chemical Bonds: Molecular Orbital Theory
  • 1.12: Drawing Chemical Structures
  • 1: End-of-Chapter Problems
  • 1: Additional Questions
  • 1: Multimedia
  
  
• Chapter 1: Structure and Bonding
  • 1.1: Atomic Structure: The Nucleus
  • 1.2: Atomic Structure: Orbitals
  • 1.3: Atomic Structure: Electron Configurations
  • 1.4: Development of Chemical Bonding Theory
  • 1.5: Describing Chemical Bonds: Valence Bond Theory
  • 1.6: sp³ Hybrid Orbitals and the Structure of Methane
  • 1.7: sp³ Hybrid Orbitals and the Structure of Ethane
  • 1.8: sp² Hybrid Orbitals and the Structure of Ethylene
  • 1.9: sp Hybrid Orbitals and the Structure of Acetylene
  • 1.10: Hybridization of Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur
  • 1.11: Describing Chemical Bonds: Molecular Orbital Theory
  • 1.12: Drawing Chemical Structures
  • 1: End-of-Chapter Problems
  • 1: Additional Questions
  • 1: Drawing Questions
  
  
• Chapter 2: Polar Covalent Bonds; Acids and Bases
  • 2.1: Polar Covalent Bonds and Electronegativity
  • 2.2: Polar Covalent Bonds and Dipole Moments
  • 2.3: Formal Charges
  • 2.4: Resonance
  • 2.5: Rules for Resonance Forms
  • 2.6: Drawing Resonance Forms
  • 2.7: Acids and Bases: The Brønsted–Lowry Definition
  • 2.8: Acid and Base Strength
  • 2.9: Predicting Acid–Base Reactions from pK_a Values
  • 2.10: Organic Acids and Organic Bases
  • 2.11: Acids and Bases: The Lewis Definition
  • 2.12: Noncovalent Interactions between Molecules
  • 2: End-of-Chapter Problems
  • 2: Additional Questions
  • 2: Drawing Questions
  
  
• Chapter 3: Organic Compounds: Alkanes and Their Stereochemistry
  • 3.1: Functional Groups
  • 3.2: Alkanes and Alkane Isomers
  • 3.3: Alkyl Groups
  • 3.4: Naming Alkanes
  • 3.5: Properties of Alkanes
  • 3.6: Conformations of Ethane
  • 3.7: Conformations of Other Alkanes
  • 3: End-of-Chapter Problems
  • 3: Additional Questions
  • 3: Drawing Questions
  • 4: Additional Questions
  • 4: Multimedia
  
  
• Chapter 4: Organic Compounds: Cycloalkanes and Their Stereochemistry
  • 4.1: Naming Cycloalkanes
  • 4.2: Cis–Trans Isomerism in Cycloalkanes
  • 4.3: Stability of Cycloalkanes: Ring Strain
  • 4.4: Conformations of Cycloalkanes
  • 4.5: Conformations of Cyclohexane
  • 4.6: Axial and Equatorial Bonds in Cyclohexane
  • 4.7: Conformations of Monosubstituted Cyclohexanes
  • 4.8: Conformations of Disubstituted Cyclohexanes
  • 4.9: Conformations of Polycyclic Molecules
  • 4: End-of-Chapter Problems
  • 4: Additional Questions
  • 4: Drawing Questions
  • 5: End-of-Chapter Problems
  • 5: Additional Questions
  • 5: Multimedia
  
  
• Chapter 5: Stereochemistry at Tetrahedral Centers
  • 5.1: Enantiomers and the Tetrahedral Carbon
  • 5.2: The Reason for Handedness in Molecules: Chirality
  • 5.3: Optical Activity
  • 5.4: Pasteur's Discovery of Enantiomers
  • 5.5: Sequence Rules for Specifying Configuration
  • 5.6: Diastereomers
  • 5.7: Meso Compounds
  • 5.8: Racemic Mixtures and the Resolution of Enantiomers
  • 5.9: A Review of Isomerism
  • 5.10: Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur
  • 5.11: Prochirality
  • 5.12: Chirality in Nature and Chiral Environments
  • 5: End-of-Chapter Problems
  • 5: Additional Questions
  • 5: Drawing Questions
  
  
• Chapter 6: An Overview of Organic Reactions
  • 6.1: Kinds of Organic Reactions
  • 6.2: How Organic Reactions Occur: Mechanisms
  • 6.3: Polar Reactions
  • 6.4: An Example of a Polar Reaction: Addition of HBr to Ethylene
  • 6.5: Using Curved Arrows in Polar Reaction Mechanisms
  • 6.6: Radical Reactions
  • 6.7: Describing a Reaction: Equilibria, Rates, and Energy Changes
  • 6.8: Describing a Reaction: Bond Dissociation Energies
  • 6.9: Describing a Reaction: Energy Diagrams and Transition States
  • 6.10: Describing a Reaction: Intermediates
  • 6.11: A Comparison Between Biological Reactions and Laboratory Reactions
  • 6: End-of-Chapter Problems
  • 6: Additional Questions
  • 6: Drawing Questions
  
  
• Chapter 7: Alkenes: Structure and Reactivity
  • 7.1: Industrial Preparation and Use of Alkenes
  • 7.2: Calculating the Degree of Unsaturation
  • 7.3: Naming Alkenes
  • 7.4: Cis–Trans Isomerism in Alkenes
  • 7.5: Alkene Stereochemistry and the E,Z Designation
  • 7.6: Stability of Alkenes
  • 7.7: Electrophilic Addition Reactions of Alkenes
  • 7.8: Orientation of Electrophilic Additions: Markovnikov's Rule
  • 7.9: Carbocation Structure and Stability
  • 7.10: The Hammond Postulate
  • 7.11: Evidence for the Mechanism of Electrophilic Additions: Carbocation Rearrangements
  • 7: End-of-Chapter Problems
  • 7: Additional Questions
  • 7: Drawing Questions
  • 8: Additional Questions
  • 8: Multimedia
  
  
• Chapter 8: Alkenes: Reactions and Synthesis
  • 8.1: Preparing Alkenes: A Preview of Elimination Reactions
  • 8.2: Halogenation of Alkenes: Addition of X₂
  • 8.3: Halohydrins from Alkenes: Addition of HO-X
  • 8.4: Hydration of Alkenes: Addition of H₂O by Oxymercuration
  • 8.5: Hydration of Alkenes: Addition of H₂O by Hydroboration
  • 8.6: Reduction of Alkenes: Hydrogenation
  • 8.7: Oxidation of Alkenes: Epoxidation and Hydroxylation
  • 8.8: Oxidation of Alkenes: Cleavage to Carbonyl Compounds
  • 8.9: Addition of Carbenes to Alkenes: Cyclopropane Synthesis
  • 8.10: Radical Additions to Alkenes: Chain-Growth Polymers
  • 8.11: Biological Additions of Radicals to Alkenes
  • 8.12: Reaction Stereochemistry: Addition of H₂O to an Achiral Alkene
  • 8.13: Reaction Stereochemistry: Addition of H₂O to a Chiral Alkene
  • 8: End-of-Chapter Problems
  • 8: Additional Questions
  • 8: Drawing Questions
  
  
• Chapter 9: Alkynes: An Introduction to Organic Synthesis
  • 9.1: Naming Alkynes
  • 9.2: Preparation of Alkynes: Elimination Reactions of Dihalides
  • 9.3: Reactions of Alkynes: Addition of HX and X₂
  • 9.4: Hydration of Alkynes
  • 9.5: Reduction of Alkynes
  • 9.6: Oxidative Cleavage of Alkynes
  • 9.7: Alkyne Acidity: Formation of Acetylide Anions
  • 9.8: Alkylation of Acetylide Anions
  • 9.9: An Introduction to Organic Synthesis
  • 9: End-of-Chapter Problems
  • 9: Additional Questions
  • 9: Drawing Questions
  
  
• Chapter 10: Organohalides
  • 10.1: Names and Structures of Alkyl Halides
  • 10.2: Preparing Alkyl Halides from Alkanes: Radical Halogenation
  • 10.3: Preparing Alkyl Halides from Alkenes: Allylic Bromination
  • 10.4: Stability of the Allyl Radical: Resonance Revisited
  • 10.5: Preparing Alkyl Halides from Alcohols
  • 10.6: Reactions of Alkyl Halides: Grignard Reagents
  • 10.7: Organometallic Coupling Reactions
  • 10.8: Oxidation and Reduction in Organic Chemistry
  • 10: End-of-Chapter Problems
  • 10: Additional Questions
  • 10: Drawing Questions
  • 11.12: A Summary of Reactivity: S_N1, S_N2, E1, E1cB, and E2
  • 11: End-of-Chapter Problems
  • 11: Additional Questions
  • 11: Multimedia
  
  
• Chapter 11: Reactions of Alkyl Halides: Nucleophilic Substitutions and Eliminations
  • 11.1: The Discovery of Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions
  • 11.2: The S_N2 Reaction
  • 11.3: Characteristics of the S_N2 Reaction
  • 11.4: The S_N1 Reaction
  • 11.5: Characteristics of the S_N1 Reaction
  • 11.6: Biological Substitution Reactions
  • 11.7: Elimination Reactions: Zaitsev's Rule
  • 11.8: The E2 Reaction and the Deuterium Isotope Effect
  • 11.9: The E2 Reaction and Cyclohexane Conformation
  • 11.10: The E1 and E1cB Reactions
  • 11.11: Biological Elimination Reactions
  • 11.12: A Summary of Reactivity: S_N1, S_N2, E1, E1cB, and E2
  • 11: End-of-Chapter Problems
  • 11: Additional Questions
  • 11: Drawing Questions
  
  
• Chapter 12: Structure Determination: Mass Spectrometry and Infrared Spectroscopy
  • 12.1: Mass Spectrometry of Small Molecules: Magnetic-Sector Instruments
  • 12.2: Interpreting Mass Spectra
  • 12.3: Mass Spectrometry of Some Common Functional Groups
  • 12.4: Mass Spectrometry in Biological Chemistry: Time-of-Flight (TOF) Instruments
  • 12.5: Spectroscopy and the Electromagnetic Spectrum
  • 12.6: Infrared Spectroscopy
  • 12.7: Interpreting Infrared Spectra
  • 12.8: Infrared Spectra of Some Common Functional Groups
  • 12: End-of-Chapter Problems
  • 12: Additional Questions
  • 12: Drawing Questions
  
  
• Chapter 13: Structure Determination: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
  • 13.1: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
  • 13.2: The Nature of NMR Absorptions
  • 13.3: Chemical Shifts
  • 13.4: Chemical Shifts in ¹H NMR Spectroscopy
  • 13.5: Integration of ¹H NMR Absorptions: Proton Counting
  • 13.6: Spin–Spin Splitting in ¹H NMR Spectra
  • 13.7: ¹H NMR Spectroscopy and Proton Equivalence
  • 13.8: More Complex Spin–Spin Splitting Patterns
  • 13.9: Uses of ¹H NMR Spectroscopy
  • 13.10: ¹³C NMR Spectroscopy: Signal Averaging and FT–NMR
  • 13.11: Characteristics of ¹³C NMR Spectroscopy
  • 13.12: DEPT ¹³C NMR Spectroscopy
  • 13.13: Uses of ¹³C NMR Spectroscopy
  • 13: End-of-Chapter Problems
  • 13: Additional Questions
  • 13: Drawing Questions
  
  
• Chapter 14: Conjugated Compounds and Ultraviolet Spectroscopy
  • 14.1: Stability of Conjugated Dienes: Molecular Orbital Theory
  • 14.2: Electrophilic Additions to Conjugated Dienes: Allylic Carbocations
  • 14.3: Kinetic versus Thermodynamic Control of Reactions
  • 14.4: The Diels–Alder Cycloaddition Reaction
  • 14.5: Characteristics of the Diels–Alder Reaction
  • 14.6: Diene Polymers: Natural and Synthetic Rubbers
  • 14.7: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy
  • 14.8: Interpreting Ultraviolet Spectra: The Effect of Conjugation
  • 14.9: Conjugation, Color, and the Chemistry of Vision
  • 14: End-of-Chapter Problems
  • 14: Additional Questions
  • 14: Drawing Questions
  
  
• Chapter 15: Benzene and Aromaticity
  • 15.1: Naming Aromatic Compounds
  • 15.2: Structure and Stability of Benzene
  • 15.3: Aromaticity and the Hückel 4n + 2 Rule
  • 15.4: Aromatic Ions
  • 15.5: Aromatic Heterocycles: Pyridine and Pyrrole
  • 15.6: Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds
  • 15.7: Spectroscopy of Aromatic Compounds
  • 15: End-of-Chapter Problems
  • 15: Additional Questions
  • 15: Drawing Questions
  
  
• Chapter 16: Chemistry of Benzene: Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution
  • 16.1: Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution Reactions: Bromination
  • 16.2: Other Aromatic Substitutions
  • 16.3: Alkylation and Acylation of Aromatic Rings: The Friedel–Crafts Reaction
  • 16.4: Substituent Effects in Electrophilic Substitutions
  • 16.5: Trisubstituted Benzenes: Additivity of Effects
  • 16.6: Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution
  • 16.7: Benzyne
  • 16.8: Oxidation of Aromatic Compounds
  • 16.9: Reduction of Aromatic Compounds
  • 16.10: Synthesis of Polysubstituted Benzenes
  • 16: End-of-Chapter Problems
  • 16: Additional Questions
  • 16: Drawing Questions
  
  
• Chapter 17: Alcohols and Phenols
  • 17.1: Naming Alcohols and Phenols
  • 17.2: Properties of Alcohols and Phenols
  • 17.3: Preparation of Alcohols: A Review
  • 17.4: Alcohols from Carbonyl Compounds: Reduction
  • 17.5: Alcohols from Carbonyl Compounds: Grignard Reaction
  • 17.6: Reactions of Alcohols
  • 17.7: Oxidation of Alcohols
  • 17.8: Protection of Alcohols
  • 17.9: Phenols and Their Uses
  • 17.10: Reactions of Phenols
  • 17.11: Spectroscopy of Alcohols and Phenols
  • 17: End-of-Chapter Problems
  • 17: Additional Questions
  • 17: Drawing Questions
  
  
• Chapter 18: Ethers and Epoxides; Thiols and Sulfides
  • 18.1: Names and Properties of Ethers
  • 18.2: Preparing Ethers
  • 18.3: Reactions of Ethers: Acidic Cleavage
  • 18.4: Cyclic Ethers: Epoxides
  • 18.5: Reactions of Epoxides: Ring-Opening
  • 18.6: Crown Ethers
  • 18.7: Thiols and Sulfides
  • 18.8: Spectroscopy of Ethers
  • 18: End-of-Chapter Problems
  • 18: Additional Questions
  • 18: Drawing Questions
  
  
• Chapter 19: Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition Reactions
  • 19.1: Naming Aldehydes and Ketones
  • 19.2: Preparing Aldehydes and Ketones
  • 19.3: Oxidation of Aldehydes and Ketones
  • 19.4: Nucleophilic Addition Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones
  • 19.5: Nucleophilic Addition of H₂O: Hydration
  • 19.6: Nucleophilic Addition of HCN: Cyanohydrin Formation
  • 19.7: Nucleophilic Addition of Hydride and Grignard Reagents: Alcohol Formation
  • 19.8: Nucleophilic Addition of Amines: Imine and Enamine Formation
  • 19.9: Nucleophilic Addition of Hydrazine: The Wolff–Kishner Reaction
  • 19.10: Nucleophilic Addition of Alcohols: Acetal Formation
  • 19.11: Nucleophilic Addition of Phosphorus Ylides: The Wittig Reaction
  • 19.12: Biological Reductions
  • 19.13: Conjugate Nucleophilic Addition to α,β-Unsaturated Aldehydes and Ketones
  • 19.14: Spectroscopy of Aldehydes and Ketones
  • 19: End-of-Chapter Problems
  • 19: Additional Questions
  • 19: Drawing Questions
  
  
• Chapter 20: Carboxylic Acids and Nitriles
  • 20.1: Naming Carboxylic Acids and Nitriles
  • 20.2: Structure and Properties of Carboxylic Acids
  • 20.3: Biological Acids and the Henderson–Hasselbalch Equation
  • 20.4: Substituent Effects on Acidity
  • 20.5: Preparing Carboxylic Acids
  • 20.6: Reactions of Carboxylic Acids: An Overview
  • 20.7: Chemistry of Nitriles
  • 20.8: Spectroscopy of Carboxylic Acids and Nitriles
  • 20: End-of-Chapter Problems
  • 20: Additional Questions
  • 20: Drawing Questions
  
  
• Chapter 21: Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution Reactions
  • 21.1: Naming Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
  • 21.2: Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution Reactions
  • 21.3: Reactions of Carboxylic Acids
  • 21.4: Chemistry of Acid Halides
  • 21.5: Chemistry of Acid Anhydrides
  • 21.6: Chemistry of Esters
  • 21.7: Chemistry of Amides
  • 21.8: Chemistry of Thioesters and Acyl Phosphates: Biological Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
  • 21.9: Polyamides and Polyesters: Step-Growth Polymers
  • 21.10: Spectroscopy of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
  • 21: End-of-Chapter Problems
  • 21: Additional Questions
  • 21: Drawing Questions
  
  
• Chapter 22: Carbonyl Alpha-Substitution Reactions
  • 22.1: Keto–Enol Tautomerism
  • 22.2: Reactivity of Enols: α-Substitution Reactions
  • 22.3: Alpha Halogenation of Aldehydes and Ketones
  • 22.4: Alpha Bromination of Carboxylic Acids
  • 22.5: Acidity of Alpha Hydrogen Atoms: Enolate Ion Formation
  • 22.6: Reactivity of Enolate Ions
  • 22.7: Alkylation of Enolate Ions
  • 22: End-of-Chapter Problems
  • 22: Additional Questions
  • 22: Drawing Questions
  
  
• Chapter 23: Carbonyl Condensation Reactions
  • 23.1: Carbonyl Condensations: The Aldol Reaction
  • 23.2: Carbonyl Condensations versus Alpha Substitutions
  • 23.3: Dehydration of Aldol Products: Synthesis of Enones
  • 23.4: Using Aldol Reactions in Synthesis
  • 23.5: Mixed Aldol Reactions
  • 23.6: Intramolecular Aldol Reactions
  • 23.7: The Claisen Condensation Reaction
  • 23.8: Mixed Claisen Condensations
  • 23.9: Intramolecular Claisen Condensations: The Dieckmann Cyclization
  • 23.10: Conjugate Carbonyl Additions: The Michael Reaction
  • 23.11: Carbonyl Condensations with Enamines: The Stork Enamine Reaction
  • 23.12: The Robinson Annulation Reaction
  • 23.13: Some Biological Carbonyl Condensation Reactions
  • 23: End-of-Chapter Problems
  • 23: Additional Questions
  • 23: Drawing Questions
  
  
• Chapter 24: Amines and Heterocycles
  • 24.1: Naming Amines
  • 24.2: Structure and Properties of Amines
  • 24.3: Basicity of Amines
  • 24.4: Basicity of Arylamines
  • 24.5: Biological Amines and the Henderson–Hasselbalch Equation
  • 24.6: Synthesis of Amines
  • 24.7: Reactions of Amines
  • 24.8: Reactions of Arylamines
  • 24.9: Heterocyclic Amines
  • 24.10: Spectroscopy of Amines
  • 24: End-of-Chapter Problems
  • 24: Additional Questions
  • 24: Drawing Questions
  
  
• Chapter 25: Biomolecules: Carbohydrates
  • 25.1: Classification of Carbohydrates
  • 25.2: Representing Carbohydrate Stereochemistry: Fischer Projections
  • 25.3: D,L Sugars
  • 25.4: Configurations of the Aldoses
  • 25.5: Cyclic Structures of Monosaccharides: Anomers
  • 25.6: Reactions of Monosaccharides
  • 25.7: The Eight Essential Monosaccharides
  • 25.8: Disaccharides
  • 25.9: Polysaccharides and Their Synthesis
  • 25.10: Some Other Important Carbohydrates
  • 25: End-of-Chapter Problems
  • 25: Additional Questions
  • 25: Drawing Questions
  
  
• Chapter 26: Biomolecules: Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins
  • 26.1: Structures of Amino Acids
  • 26.2: Amino Acids and the Henderson–Hasselbalch Equation: Isoelectric Points
  • 26.3: Synthesis of Amino Acids
  • 26.4: Peptides and Proteins
  • 26.5: Amino Acid Analysis of Peptides
  • 26.6: Peptide Sequencing: The Edman Degradation
  • 26.7: Peptide Synthesis
  • 26.8: Automated Peptide Synthesis: The Merrifield Solid-Phase Method
  • 26.9: Protein Structure
  • 26.10: Enzymes and Coenzymes
  • 26.11: How Do Enzymes Work? Citrate Synthase
  • 26: End-of-Chapter Problems
  • 26: Additional Questions
  • 26: Drawing Questions
  
  
• Chapter 27: Biomolecules: Lipids
  • 27.1: Waxes, Fats, and Oils
  • 27.2: Soap
  • 27.3: Phospholipids
  • 27.4: Prostaglandins and Other Eicosanoids
  • 27.5: Terpenoids
  • 27.6: Steroids
  • 27.7: Biosynthesis of Steroids
  • 27: End-of-Chapter Problems
  • 27: Additional Questions
  • 27: Drawing Questions
  
  
• Chapter 28: Biomolecules: Nucleic Acids
  • 28.1: Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids
  • 28.2: Base Pairing in DNA
  • 28.3: Replication of DNA
  • 28.4: Transcription of DNA
  • 28.5: Translation of RNA: Protein Biosynthesis
  • 28.6: DNA Sequencing
  • 28.7: DNA Synthesis
  • 28.8: The Polymerase Chain Reaction
  • 28: End-of-Chapter Problems
  • 28: Additional Questions
  • 28: Drawing Questions
  
  
• Chapter 29: The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways
  • 29.1: An Overview of Metabolism and Biochemical Energy
  • 29.2: Catabolism of Triacylglycerols: The Fate of Glycerol
  • 29.3: Catabolism of Triacylglycerols: β-Oxidation
  • 29.4: Biosynthesis of Fatty Acids
  • 29.5: Catabolism of Carbohydrates: Glycolysis
  • 29.6: Conversion of Pyruvate to Acetyl CoA
  • 29.7: The Citric Acid Cycle
  • 29.8: Carbohydrate Biosynthesis: Gluconeogenesis
  • 29.9: Catabolism of Proteins: Deamination
  • 29.10: Some Conclusions about Biological Chemistry
  • 29: End-of-Chapter Problems
  • 29: Additional Questions
  
  
• Chapter 30: Orbitals and Organic Chemistry: Pericyclic Reactions
  • 30.1: Molecular Orbitals of Conjugated Pi Systems
  • 30.2: Electrocyclic Reactions
  • 30.3: Stereochemistry of Thermal Electrocyclic Reactions
  • 30.4: Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions
  • 30.5: Cycloaddition Reactions
  • 30.6: Stereochemistry of Cycloadditions
  • 30.7: Sigmatropic Rearrangements
  • 30.8: Some Examples of Sigmatropic Rearrangements
  • 30.9: A Summary of Rules for Pericyclic Reactions
  • 30: End-of-Chapter Problems
  • 30: Additional Questions
  • 30: Drawing Questions
  
  
• Chapter 31: Synthetic Polymers
  • 31.1: Chain-Growth Polymers
  • 31.2: Stereochemistry of Polymerization: Ziegler–Natta Catalysts
  • 31.3: Copolymers
  • 31.4: Step-Growth Polymers
  • 31.5: Olefin Metathesis Polymerization
  • 31.6: Intramolecular Olefin Metathesis
  • 31.7: Polymer Structure and Physical Properties
  • 31: End-of-Chapter Problems
  • 31: Additional Questions
  • 31: Drawing Questions