General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry 8th edition

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• Chapter 1: Basic Concepts About Matter
  • 1: Multimedia Activities
  • 1.1: Chemistry: The Study of Matter
  • 1.2: Physical States of Matter
  • 1.3: Properties of Matter
  • 1.4: Changes in Matter
  • 1.5: Pure Substances and Mixtures
  • 1.6: Elements and Compounds
  • 1.7: Discovery and Abundance of the Elements
  • 1.8: Names and Chemical Symbols of the Elements
  • 1.9: Atoms and Molecules
  • 1.10: Chemical Formulas
  
  
• Chapter 2: Measurements in Chemistry
  • 2: Math Review
  • 2: Multimedia Activities
  • 2.1: Measurement Systems
  • 2.2: Metric System Units
  • 2.3: Exact and Inexact Numbers
  • 2.4: Uncertainty in Measurement and Significant Figures
  • 2.5: Significant Figures and Mathematical Operations
  • 2.6: Scientific Notation
  • 2.7: Conversion Factors
  • 2.8: Dimensional Analysis
  • 2.9: Density
  • 2.10: Temperature Scales
  
  
• Chapter 3: Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table
  • 3: Multimedia Activities
  • 3.1: Internal Structure of an Atom
  • 3.2: Atomic Number, Mass Number, and Number of Subatomic Particles
  • 3.3: Isotopes and Atomic Masses
  • 3.4: The Periodic Law and the Periodic Table
  • 3.5: Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
  • 3.6: Electron Arrangements within Atoms
  • 3.7: Electron Configurations and Orbital Diagrams
  • 3.8: The Electronic Basis for the Periodic Law and the Periodic Table
  • 3.9: Classification of the Elements
  
  
• Chapter 4: Chemical Bonding: The Ionic Bond Model
  • 4: Math Review
  • 4: Multimedia Activities
  • 4.1: Chemical Bonds
  • 4.2: Valence Electrons and Lewis Symbols
  • 4.3: The Octet Rule
  • 4.4: The Ionic Bond Model
  • 4.5: The Sign and Magnitude of Ionic Charge
  • 4.6: Lewis Structures for Ionic Compounds
  • 4.7: Chemical Formulas for Ionic Compounds
  • 4.8: The Structure of Ionic Compounds
  • 4.9: Recognizing and Naming Binary Ionic Compounds
  • 4.10: Names and Chemical Formula for Polyatomic Ions and Ionic Compounds Containing These Ions
  
  
• Chapter 5: Chemical Bonding: The Covalent Bond Model
  • 5: Multimedia Activities
  • 5.1: The Covalent Bond Model
  • 5.2: Lewis Structures for Molecular Compounds
  • 5.3: Single, Double, and Triple Covalent Bonds
  • 5.4: Periodic Trends for Number of Covalent Bonds Formed
  • 5.5: Coordinate Covalent Bonds
  • 5.6: Systematic Procedures for Drawing Lewis Structures
  • 5.7: Bonding in Compounds with Polyatomic Ions Present
  • 5.8: Electronic Geometry and Molecular Geometry
  • 5.9: Electronegativity
  • 5.10: Bond Polarity
  • 5.11: Molecular Polarity
  • 5.12: Recognizing and Naming Binary Molecular Compounds
  
  
• Chapter 6: Chemical Calculations: Formula Masses, Moles, and Chemical Equations
  • 6: Math Review
  • 6: Multimedia Activities
  • 6.1: Formula Masses
  • 6.2: The Mole: A Counting Unit for Chemists
  • 6.3: The Mass of a Mole
  • 6.4: Chemical Formulas and the Mole Concept
  • 6.5: The Mole and Chemical Calculations
  • 6.6: Writing and Balancing Chemical Equations
  • 6.7: Chemical Equations and the Mole Concept
  • 6.8: Chemical Calculations Using Chemical Equations
  • 6.9: Yields: Theoretical, Actual, and Percent
  
  
• Chapter 7: Gases, Liquids, and Solids
  • 7: Math Review
  • 7: Multimedia Activities
  • 7.1: The Kinetic Molecular Theory of Matter
  • 7.2: Kinetic Molecular Theory and Physical States
  • 7.3: Gas Law Variables
  • 7.4: Boyle's Law: A Pressure–Volume Relationship
  • 7.5: Charles's Law: A Temperature–Volume Relationship
  • 7.6: The Combined Gas Law
  • 7.7: The Ideal Gas Law
  • 7.8: Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures
  • 7.9: Changes of State
  • 7.10: Evaporation of Liquids
  • 7.11: Vapor Pressure of Liquids
  • 7.12: Boiling and Boiling Point
  • 7.13: Intermolecular Forces in Liquids
  
  
• Chapter 8: Solutions
  • 8: Math Review
  • 8: Multimedia Activities
  • 8.1: Characteristics of Solutions
  • 8.2: Solubility
  • 8.3: Solution Formation
  • 8.4: Solubility Rules
  • 8.5: Percent Concentration Units
  • 8.6: Molarity and Molality Concentration Units
  • 8.7: Dilution
  • 8.8: Colloidal Dispersions and Suspensions
  • 8.9: Colligative Properties of Solutions
  • 8.10: Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure
  
  
• Chapter 9: Chemical Reactions
  • 9: Multimedia Activities
  • 9.1: Types of Chemical Reactions
  • 9.2: Redox and Nonredox Chemical Reactions
  • 9.3: Collision Theory and Chemical Reactions
  • 9.4: Exothermic and Endothermic Chemical Reactions
  • 9.5: Factors That Influence Chemical Reaction Rates
  • 9.6: Chemical Equilibrium
  • 9.7: Equilibrium Constants
  • 9.8: Altering Equilibrium Conditions: Le Châtelier's Principle
  
  
• Chapter 10: Acids, Bases, and Salts
  • 10: Math Review
  • 10: Multimedia Activities
  • 10.1: Arrhenius Acid–Base Theory
  • 10.2: Brønsted.Lowry Acid–Base Theory
  • 10.3: Mono-, Di-, and Triprotic Acids
  • 10.4: Strengths of Acids and Bases
  • 10.5: Ionization Constants for Acids and Bases
  • 10.6: Acid–Base Neutralization Reactions
  • 10.7: Self-Ionization of Water
  • 10.8: The pH Scale
  • 10.9: The pH of Aqueous Salt Solutions
  • 10.10: Buffers
  • 10.11: Electrolytes and Electrolyte Equivalents and Milliequivalents
  • 10.12: Acid–Base Titrations
  
  
• Chapter 11: Nuclear Chemistry
  • 11: Math Review
  • 11: Multimedia Activities
  • 11.1: Unstable Nuclides and the Nature of Radioactive Emissions
  • 11.2: Equations for Radioactive Decay
  • 11.3: Rate of Radioactive Decay, Half-life, and Decay Series
  • 11.4: Transmutation and Bombardment Reactions
  • 11.5: Chemical Effects of Radiation
  • 11.6: Biochemical Effects of Radiation
  • 11.7: Sources of Radiation Exposure
  • 11.8: Nuclear Medicine
  • 11.9: Nuclear Fission and Nuclear Fusion
  
  
• Chapter 12: Saturated Hydrocarbons
  • 12: Multimedia Activities
  • 12.1: Organic Compounds and the Carbon Atom
  • 12.2: Hydrocarbons and Hydrocarbon Derivatives
  • 12.3: Drawing Organic Molecules: Two- and Three- Dimensional Structures
  • 12.4: Alkanes: Acyclic Saturated Hydrocarbons, Isomers, and Conformations
  • 12.5: IUPAC Nomenclature for Alkanes
  • 12.6: Branched-Chain Alkyl Groups
  • 12.7: Cycloalkanes
  • 12.8: IUPAC Nomenclature for Cycloalkanes
  • 12.9: Isomerism in Cycloalkanes
  • 12.10: Sources and Properties of Alkanes and Cycloalkanes
  • 12.11: Halogenated Alkanes and Cycloalkanes
  
  
• Chapter 13: Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
  • 13: Multimedia Activities
  • 13.1 Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
  • 13.2 Characteristics of Alkenes and Alkynes
  • 13.3 Nomenclature for Alkenes and Alkynes
  • 13.4 Constitutional Isomerism in Alkenes and Alkynes
  • 13.5 Cis–Trans Isomerism in Alkenes
  • 13.6 Naturally Occurring Alkenes
  • 13.7 Physical Properties of Alkenes and Alkynes
  • 13.8 Synthesis of Alkenes and Alkynes
  • 13.9 Chemical Reactions of Alkenes and Alkynes
  • 13.10 Polymerization of Alkenes: Addition Polymers
  • 13.11 Aromatic Hydrocarbons
  • 13.12 Nomenclature for Aromatic Hydrocarbons
  • 13.13 Properties of and Sources for Aromatic Hydrocarbons
  
  
• Chapter 14: Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers
  • 14: Multimedia Activities
  • 14.1: Oxygen and the Structural Characteristics of Alcohols
  • 14.2: Nomenclature of Alcohols
  • 14.3: Classification and Isomerism of Alcohols
  • 14.4: Physical Properties of Alcohols
  • 14.5: Important Commonly Encountered Alcohols
  • 14.6: Preparation of Alcohols
  • 14.7: Chemical Reactions of Alcohols
  • 14.8: Structural Characteristics and Physical and Chemical Properties of Phenols
  • 14.9: Nomenclature for Phenols
  • 14.10: Occurrence and Uses for Phenols
  • 14.11: Structural Characteristics and Physical and Chemical Properties of Ethers
  • 14.12: Nomenclature for Ethers
  • 14.13: Occurrence of and Uses for Ethers
  • 14.14: Isomerism for Ethers
  • 14.15: Thiols: Sulfur Analogs of Alcohols
  • 14.16: Thioethers: Sulfur Analogs of Ethers
  
  
• Chapter 15: Aldehydes and Ketones
  • 15: Multimedia Activities
  • 15.1: The Carbonyl Group and Carbonyl-Containing Compounds
  • 15.2: The Aldehyde and Ketone Functional Groups
  • 15.3: Nomenclature for Aldehydes
  • 15.4: Nomenclature for Ketones
  • 15.5: Isomerism for Aldehydes and Ketones
  • 15.6: Selected Common Aldehydes and Ketones
  • 15.7: Physical Properties of Aldehydes and Ketones
  • 15.8: Preparation of Aldehydes and Ketones
  • 15.9: Oxidation and Reduction of Aldehydes and Ketones
  • 15.10: Reaction of Aldehydes and Ketones with Alcohols
  • 15.11: Sulfur-Containing Carbonyl Groups
  
  
• Chapter 16: Carboxylic Acids, Esters, and Other Acid Derivatives
  • 16: Multimedia Activities
  • 16.1: Structure of Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives
  • 16.2: IUPAC Nomenclature for Carboxylic Acids
  • 16.3: Common Names for Carboxylic Acids
  • 16.4: Polyfunctional Carboxylic Acids
  • 16.5: Physical Properties of Carboxylic Acids
  • 16.6: Synthesis and Decarboxylation Reactions of Carboxylic Acids
  • 16.7: Acidic Properties of Carboxylic Acids and Carboxylic Acid Salts
  • 16.8: Structure of Esters
  • 16.9: Nomenclature for Esters
  • 16.10: Selected Common Esters
  • 16.11: Isomerism for Carboxylic Acids and Esters
  • 16.12: Physical Properties of Esters
  • 16.13: Preparation of Esters
  • 16.14: Chemical Reactions of Esters
  • 16.15: Polyesters
  • 16.16: Sulfur Analogs of Esters
  • 16.17: Acid Chlorides and Acid Anhydrides
  • 16.18: Biologically Important Esters and Anhydrides of Inorganic Acid
  
  
• Chapter 17: Amines and Amides
  • 17: Multimedia Activities
  • 17.1: Nitrogen and the Structure of Amines and Amides
  • 17.2: Classification of Amines and Amides
  • 17.3: Nomenclature for Amines
  • 17.4: Isomerism for Amines
  • 17.5: Physical Properties of Amines
  • 17.6: Basic Properties of Amines
  • 17.7: Amine Alkylation and Quaternary Ammonium Ions
  • 17.8: Heterocyclic Amines
  • 17.9: Selected Biochemically Important Amines
  • 17.10: Alkaloids
  • 17.11: Nomenclature for Amides
  • 17.12: Selected Amides and Their Uses
  • 17.13: Properties of Amides
  • 17.14: Chemical Reactions of Amides
  • 17.15: Polyamides and Polyurethanes
  
  
• Chapter 18: Carbohydrates
  • 18: Multimedia Activities
  • 18.1: An Introduction to Biochemistry and Carbohydrates
  • 18.2: Classification of Carbohydrates and of Monosaccharides
  • 18.3: Chirality and Stereoisomerism of Carbohydrates
  • 18.4: Designating Handedness Using Fischer Projection Formulas
  • 18.5: Properties of Enantiomers
  • 18.6: Biochemically Important Monosaccharides
  • 18.7: Cyclic Forms of Monosaccharides and Their Haworth Projection Formulas
  • 18.8: Reactions of Monosaccharides
  • 18.9: Glycosidic Linkages and Disaccharides
  • 18.10: Oligosaccharides
  • 18.11: Polysaccharides
  • 18.12: Dietary Considerations and Carbohydrates
  
  
• Chapter 19: Lipids
  • 19: Multimedia Activities
  • 19.1: Structure and Classification of Lipids
  • 19.2: Types of Fatty Acids, the Lipid Building Blocks
  • 19.3: Physical Properties of Fatty Acids
  • 19.4: Triacylglycerols and Energy Storage
  • 19.5: Triacylglycerols and Dietary Considerations
  • 19.6: Chemical Reactions of Triacylglycerols
  • 19.7: Phospholipids: The Phosphate-Containing Membrane Lipids
  • 19.8: Sphingoglycolipids: Carbohydrate-Containing Membrane Lipids
  • 19.9: Cholesterol: The Steroid Membrane Lipid
  • 19.10: Cell Membranes
  • 19.11: Bile Acids: The Emulsification Lipids
  • 19.12: Steroid Hormones: Cholesterol-Derivative Messenger Lipids
  • 19.13: Eicosanoids: Fatty-Acid Derivative Messenger Lipids
  • 19.14: Biological Waxes: Protective-Coating Lipids
  • 19.15: Saponifiable and Nonsaponifiable Lipids
  
  
• Chapter 20: Proteins
  • 20: Multimedia Activities
  • 20.1: Proteins and Amino Acids
  • 20.2: Properties of Amino Acids
  • 20.3: Peptides
  • 20.4: Biochemically Important Small Peptides
  • 20.5: Primary Protein Structure
  • 20.6: Secondary Protein Structure
  • 20.7: Tertiary Protein Structure
  • 20.8: Basic Protein Characteristics and Quaternary Protein Structure
  • 20.9: Protein Hydrolysis and Denaturation
  • 20.10: Protein Classification Based on Shape
  • 20.11: Protein Classification Based on Function
  • 20.12: Glycoproteins
  • 20.13: Lipoproteins
  
  
• Chapter 21: Enzymes and Vitamins
  • 21: Multimedia Activities
  • 21.1: General Characteristics and the Structure of Enzymes
  • 21.2: Nomenclature and Classification of Enzymes
  • 21.3: Models of Enzyme Action
  • 21.4: Factors That Affect Enzyme Activity and the "Extreme" Exceptions
  • 21.5: Enzyme Inhibition
  • 21.6: Regulation of Enzyme Activity
  • 21.7: Enzymes and Their Inhibitors: Prescription Drugs and Medical Applications
  • 21.8: General Characteristics of Vitamins
  • 21.9: Water-Soluble Vitamins: Vitamin C
  • 21.10: Water-Soluble Vitamins: The B Vitamins
  • 21.11: Fat-Soluble Vitamins
  
  
• Chapter 22: Nucleic Acids
  • 22: Multimedia Activities
  • 22.1: The Building Blocks for Nucleic Acids
  • 22.2: Nucleoside and Nucleotide Formation and Naming
  • 22.3: Nucleic Acid Structure
  • 22.4: Replication of DNA Molecules
  • 22.5: An Overview of Protein Synthesis and RNA
  • 22.6: Transcription: RNA Synthesis
  • 22.7: The Genetic Code and Translation
  • 22.8: Anticodons and tRNA Molecules
  • 22.9: Translation: Protein Synthesis
  • 22.10: Mutations
  • 22.11: Nucleic Acids, Viruses, and Vaccines
  • 22.12: Recombinant DNA and Genetic Engineering
  • 22.13: The Polymerase Chain Reaction
  
  
• Chapter 23: Biochemical Energy Production
  • 23.1: Metabolism and the Cell
  • 23.2: Important Nucleotide-Containing Compounds in Metabolic Pathways
  • 23.3: An Overview of Biochemical Energy Production
  • 23.4: The Citric Acid Cycle
  • 23.5: The Electron Transport Chain
  • 23.6: Oxidative Phosphorylation and ATP Production
  • 23.7: Non-ETC Oxygen-Consuming Reactions
  
  
• Chapter 24: Carbohydrate Metabolism
  • 24.1: Digestion and Absorption of Carbohydrates
  • 24.2: Glycolysis
  • 24.3: Fates of Pyruvate
  • 24.4: ATP Production from the Complete Oxidation of Glucose
  • 24.5: Glycogen Synthesis and Degradation
  • 24.6: Gluconeogenesis
  • 24.7: Summary of Glucose Metabolic Pathways and the Role of B Vitamins
  • 24.8: The Pentose Phosphate Pathway
  • 24.9: Hormonal Control of Carbohydrate Metabolism
  
  
• Chapter 25: Lipid Metabolism
  • 25.1: Digestion and Absorption of Lipids
  • 25.2: Triacylglycerol Storage and Mobilization
  • 25.3: Triacylglycerol Metabolism
  • 25.4: ATP Production from Fatty Acid Oxidation
  • 25.5: Ketone Bodies and ketogenesis
  • 25.6: Biosynthesis of Fatty Acids: Lipogenesis
  • 25.7: Relationships Between Lipid Metabolism and Other Metabolic Pathways
  
  
• Chapter 26: Protein Metabolism
  • 26.1: Protein Digestion and Absorption
  • 26.2: Amino Acid Utilization
  • 26.3: Transamination and Oxidative Deamination
  • 26.4: The Urea Cycle
  • 26.5: Amino Acid Carbon Skeleton Degradation and the Role of B Vitamins
  • 26.6: Amino Acid Biosynthesis
  • 26.7: Hemoglobin Catabolism
  • 26.8: Degradation and Biosynthesis of Proteins Containing Sulfur
  • 26.9: Interrelationships Among Metabolic Pathways
  
  
• Chapter T: WebAssign Answer Templates and Tutorials
  • T: WebAssign Answer Templates and Tutorials